How is Artificial Rain made?

The need to develop and improve rainmaking techniques in terms of design, operation, monitoring and evaluation by giving them a more scientific character is today's need.

This includes using computers to study cloud formations and help the rainmaking operations achieve the goals of the project. The role of weather modification, or rainmaking, is an important component in water resource management.

The process involved in artificial rainmaking involves three easy-to-understand stages. The first stage is agitation. That is using chemicals to stimulate the air mass upwind of the target area to rise and form rain clouds.

The chemicals used during this stage are calcium chloride calcium carbide, calcium oxide, a compound of salt and urea, or a compound of urea and ammonium nitrate. These compounds are capable of absorbing water vapor from the air mass, thus stimulating the condensation process.

The second stage is building-up stage. Here the cloud mass is built up using chemicals such as kitchen salt, the T 1 formula, urea, ammonium nitrate, dry ice, and occasionally also calcium chloride to increase nuclei which also increase the density of the clouds. In the third stage of bombardment chemicals such as super-cool agents: silver iodide and dry ice are used to reach the most unbalanced status which builds up large beads of water (Nuclei) and makes them fall down as raindrops.

In planning every stage a high degree of expertise and experience is required, in selecting the types and amounts of chemicals to use, while taking into consideration weather conditions, topographical conditions, wind direction and velocity as well as the location or delimitation of the area for chemical seeding. Several other ideas are also involved in rainmaking. Rockets containing rainmaking chemicals are fired into the clouds either from the ground or from aircraft.

From a highly pressurized canister, a jet of rainmaking chemicals is shot directly into the cloud base, to coerce clouds that normally hang above mountaintops to cluster up and rain on the mountain or their slopes.

Rainmaking chemicals are added to super-cooled clouds, i.e., those at altitudes above 18,000 meters, to stimulate the formation of ice crystals in the cloud or cloud cluster.

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